John Quapaw, caretaker of my grandmother Nora Buffalo after her parents died when she was very young.

John Quapaw, one of the Quapaw Chiefs, owned a mansion just outside Quapaw Oklahoma. His wife, Red Sun Quapaw was the mother of my great grandmother Sinni Brown Buffalo. After Sinni and her husband Joseph Buffalo died when my grandmother Nora was a small child, John and Red Sun Quapaw took in my grandmother, Nora and her sisters and brothers until they were later sent to the Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania.